DNA translation is the formation of a protein molecule using the coded instructions present within the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. The first stage of the process is called transcription and involves the production of a molecule of single-stranded ribonucleic acid called messenger RNA (mRNA) from the DNA template. This molecule is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes, which are the site of the protein synthesis. Translation starts at one end of the mRNA and proceeds much like the reading of a magnetic tape in a cassette recorder. As the mRNA passes through the ribosome, every codon (set of three bases) is read, and each codon codes for a specific amino acid. These amino acids are brought together and joined to give a chain of amino acids, a polypeptide. The amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by another molecule of RNA, transfer RNA (tRNA). As...