Dilatation and curettage (D & C) is a gynecological procedure in which the lining of the womb (endometrium) is scraped away. It is commonly used to obtain tissue for microscopic evaluation to rule out cancer. D & C may also be used to diagnose and treat heavy menstrual bleeding, and to diagnose growths such as endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. A D & C can be used as a treatment as well, to remove pregnancy tissue after a miscarriage, incomplete abortion, or childbirth. Endometrial polyps may be removed, and sometimes non-threatening uterine tumors (fibroids) may be scraped away. D & C can also be used as an early abortion technique, up to 16 weeks.

D & C is usually performed under general anesthesia, although local or epidural anesthesia can also be used. A local anesthetic lessens risk and costs, but the woman will experience cramping during the procedure. The...