Diaphragms are dome-shaped barrier methods of contraception that block sperm from entering the uterus. They are made of latex (rubber) and formed like a shallow cup. Since vaginas vary in size, each patient needs to be fitted by a doctor or nurse with a diaphragm that conforms to the shape of the vagina as well as the strength of the muscles in the vaginal walls. Diaphragms must be used with spermicidal cream or jelly. The device should cause no discomfort and neither the woman nor her partner should feel that it is there. The level of effectiveness is about 95%.

Before receiving a diaphragm, patients must undergo a physical examination and a Pap test. If these are normal, the physician will fit the patient for the device and give instructions on how to insert, remove, and clean it. She will also be taught the signs...