1781-1868

Scottish physicist whose primary contributions to science were his researches into the polarization of light. His work aided in the development of the spectroscope, as well as his invention of the kaleidoscope, the stereoscope, and a new system for lighthouse illumination. His other scientific interests included such areas as photography, astronomy, and the religious implications of extra-terrestrial life. He was an educator, author, and an active member of Britain's most important scientific societies.