Overview

Cellulose nitrate (SELL-you-lohs NYE-trate) is a derivative of cellulose made by adding nitric acid (HNO₃) to cellulose. Its physical properties tend to differ somewhat depending on the relative amount of nitrogen present in the compound. For example, the so-called "high nitrogen" form is soluble in both acetone but insoluble in an alcohol/ether mixture. The "low-nitrogen" form is soluble in both solvents. Cellulose nitrate is available in a variety of forms, ranging from colorless to white flakes or powder to a liquid or semi-solid gel-like material.

Key Facts

Other Names:

Nitrocellulose; nitrocotton; guncotton; pyroxylin

Formula:

C₁₂H₁₆N₄O₁₈

Elements:

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Compound Type:

Carbohydrate polymer (organic)

State:

Solid

Molecular Weight:

Varies, but very large

Melting Point:

Not applicable; ignites at about 170°C (340°F)

Boiling Point:

Not applicable

Solubility:

Insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and most organic solvents; also see Overview

Cellulose nitrate...