Although buttons were used in ancient times, they generally served as decoration rather than as garment fasteners. The word button comes from the French bouton, meaning something that sticks or butts out, implying a decorative purpose. Prior to the thirteenth century, most people wore loose, flowing clothing that was secured where necessary with clasps, buckles, girdles, sashes, strings, and similar items. In thirteenth-century Europe, however, garments became more fitted; secure fasteners became necessary, and the buttonhole was invented.

By the 1300s buttons had become important as both fasteners and decorations, adorning garments from wrist to elbow and from throat to waist. A profusion of buttons made from precious metals and gems became a symbol of wealth and status. As with many other products, the popularity of buttons increased once they became affordable.

The mass production of buttons, first centered in the city...