1884-1979

Austrian mineralogist and geologist who used microscopic and x-ray studies of the fine structures of rocks and minerals to determine the large-scale geological processes that formed them. He obtained a Ph.D. from Innsbruck University in 1907 and became professor of mineralogy and petrography there in 1922. Sander illuminated the mechanical forces that have shaped Earth over time and developed mathematical methods for studying the structures of materials in general.