Bromine is an element that belongs to Group 17 on the periodic table of elements, the group that contains substances called halogens. Other halogens include fluorine, chlorine, and iodine. Halogens are important elements that are used in heavily in industry. Bromine is used in the manufacture of dyes, fumigants, fire-retardant materials, medicines, pesticides, and photographic emulsions. Bromine is also used for water purification. While bromine and bromine-containing products are very useful, some concern surrounds the use of some bromine compounds because of their impact on the environment, particularly the ozone layer.

The many uses of bromine are due to its chemical properties. The halogens are the most reactive non-metal elements in the periodic table. Halogens characteristically react very rapidly and readily with almost all metals to form salts. The high reactivity of the halogens is due to the presence of seven (rather than the stable noble-gas configuration of eight...