fl. late 1400s

French scholar who, along with Giles of Rome, helped establish the basis for scientific method. The two men, working independent of one another, both suggested that disputes concerning the competing cosmological systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy should be settled empirically, by observing evidence. Bernard, also known as Bernardus de Virduno, published an early account of the torquentum, an astronomical measuring instrument, in the Tractus super totum astrologium.