Basidomycetes are a fungal group belonging to the Eukarya domain, which includes all life forms composed by nucleated cells. Basidomycetes are classified under the Fungi kingdom as belonging to the phylum -mycota (i.e., Basidomycota or Basidiomycota), class -mycetes (i.e., Basidomycetes). Fungi are frequently parasites that decompose organic material from their hosts, such as those growing on rotten wood, although some may cause serious plant diseases such as smuts (Ustomycetes) and rusts (Teliomycetes). Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plant roots (Mycorrhizae). A cell type termed basidium is responsible for sexual spore formation in Basidomycetes, through nuclear fusion followed by meiosis, thus forming haploid basidiospores. Fungi pertaining to the Basidomycota phylum may present dikaryotic hyphae, i.e., walled filamentous cylindrical structures resembling branches that are formed when the two nuclei in the apical cell of a hypha divide simultaneously. One divides in the hyphal main axis...