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Introduction
U.S. legislation called the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 has ranked and categorized drugs according to their effects, medical use, and potential for abuse. Ongoing research may reclassify drugs from one category to another, as has happened in the past.
At the federal level. Schedule I is the most strictly controlled—with the highest abuse potential; Schedule V is the least strictly controlled—drugs sold with or without prescription by mail and in shops, with instructions for use, dosages, and warnings about effects and side effects printed on the packaging of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The schedules shown below in simplified form are followed by extensive schedules (which are discussed fully in Volume 1, in the article entitled Controls: Scheduled Drugs/Drug Schedules, U.S.). A discussion of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 precedes it.
Drugs are scheduled under federal law according to their effects, medical use, and potential for abuse
| DEA Schedule | Abuse Potential | Examples of Drugs Covered | Some of the Effects | Medical Use |
| I | highest | heroin, LSD, hashish, marijuana, methaqualone | unpredictable effects, se-vere psychological or physical dependence, or death | no accepted use; some are legal for limited re-search use only |
| II | high | morphine, PCP, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine | may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence | accepted use with restrictions |
| III | medium | codeine with aspirin or Tylenol® some barbiturates, anabolic steroids | may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychologicaldependence | accepted use |
| IV | low | Darvon®, Talwin®, Equanil®, Valium®, Xanax®, | may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence | accepted use |
| V | lowest | over-the-counter or prescription cough medicines with codeine | may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence | accepted use |
| SOURCE: Adapted from Drug Enforcement Administration, Drugs of abuse (1996) and Schedules of Controlled Substances, Revised as of April 1, 1998. | ||||
Schedules of U.s. Controlled Drugs
| Potential for: | |||
| Schedule | Abuse | Dependence | Medical Use & Safety |
| I | + + + + | + + + + | No |
| II | + + + + | + + + + | Yes |
| III | + + + | + + + | Yes |
| IV | + + | + + | Yes |
| V | + | + | Yes |
| SCHEDULE I | |||||
| Opiates | Opium Derivatives | Hallucinogens | Depressants | Stimulants | |
| Accty-alpha-methylfentanyl | Hydroxypethidine | Acetorphine | Alpha-ethyltryptamine | Mecloqualone | Aminorex Cathinone |
| Acetylmethadol | Ketobemidone | Acetyldihydrocodeine | 4-bromo-2.5-DMA | Methaqualone | Fenethylline |
| Allylprodine | Levomoramide | Benzylmorphine | Alpha-desmethyl DOB | Methcathinone | |
| Alphameprodine | Levophenacylmorphan | Codeine methylbromide | 2.5-DMA | (±) cis-4-methylam- | |
| Alphamethadol | 3-methylfentanyl | Codeine-N-Oxide | DOET | inorex | |
| Alpha-methylfentanyl | 3-methylthiofentanyl | Cyprenorphine | PMA | N-ethylamphetamine | |
| Alpha-methylthiofentanyl | Morpheridine | Desomorphine | 5-methoxy-3, 4-mdthylene- | N, N-dimethyl-am- | |
| Benzethidine | MPPP | Dihydropmorphine | dioxyamphetamine | phetamine | |
| Betacetylmethadol | Noracymethadol | Drotebanol | MMDA | ||
| Beta-hydroxyfentanyl | Norlevorphanol | Etorphine (except HCI salt) | DOM, STP | ||
| Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl | Normethadone | Heroin | MDA | ||
| Betameprodine | Norpipanone | Hydromorphinol | MDMA | ||
| Betamethadol | Para-fluorofentanyl | Methyldesorphine | MDEA | ||
| Betaprodine | PEPAP | Methyldihydromorphine | N-hydroxy MDA | ||
| Clonitazene | Phenadoxone | Morphine methylbromide | 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy | ||
| Dextromoramide | Phenampromide | Morphine methylsulfonate | amphetamine | ||
| Diampromide | Phenomorphan | Morphine-N-Oxide | Bufotenine | ||
| Diethylthiambutene | Phenoperidine | Myrophine | DET | ||
| Difenoxin | Piritramide | Nicocodeine | DMT | ||
| Dimenoxadol | Proheptazine | Nicomorphine | Ibogaine | ||
| Dimepheptanol | Properidine | Normorphine | LSD | ||
| Dimethylthiambutene | Propiram | Pholcodine | Marihuana | ||
| Dioxaphetyl butyrate | Racemoramide | Thebacon | Mescaline | ||
| Dipipanone | Thiofentanyl | N-ethyl-3-peperidyl | |||
| Ethylmethylthiambutene | Tilidine | benzilate | |||
| Etonitazene | Trimeperidine | N-methyl-3-piperidyl- | |||
| Etoxeridine | benzilate | ||||
| Furethidine | Peyote | ||||
| Pheneyelidine analogs | |||||
| PCE, PCPy, TCP, | |||||
| TCPy | |||||
| Psilocybin | |||||
| Psilocyn | |||||
| Tetrahydrocannabinols | |||||
| Temporary listing of substances subject to emergency scheduling: | |||||
| Benzlyfentanyl | |||||
| Thenylfentanyl | |||||
| SCHEDULE II | |||||
| Opium & | |||||
| Opiates | Derivatives | Hallucinogens | Depressants | Stimulants | Others |
| Alfentanil | Raw opium | Dronabinol | Amobarbital | Amphetamine | Opium poppy |
| Alphaprodine | Opium extracts | Nabilone | Glutethimide | Methamphetamine | Poppy straw |
| Anileridine | Opium fluid | Pentobarbital | Phenmetrazine | Coca leaves | |
| Bezitramide | Powdered opium | Phencyclidine | Methylphenidate | Immediate precursors to: | |
| Bulk dextropro- | Granulated opium | Secobarbital | Amphetamine | ||
| phene | Tincture of opium | Methamphetamine | |||
| Carfentanil | Codeine | Phencyclidine | |||
| Dihydrocodeine | Ethylmorphine | ||||
| Diphenoxylate | Etorphine hydrochloride | ||||
| Fentanyl | Hydrodone | ||||
| Isomethadone | Hydromorphone | ||||
| Levo-alphacetylmethadol | Metopon | ||||
| Levomethorphan | Morphine | ||||
| Levorphanol | Oxycodone | ||||
| Metazocine | Oxymorphone | ||||
| Methadone | Thebaine | ||||
| Methadone-Intermediate | |||||
| Moramide-Intermediate | |||||
| Pethidine | |||||
| Pethidine-Intermediate-A | |||||
| Pethidine-Intermediate-B | |||||
| Pethidine-Intermediate-C | |||||
| Phenazocine | |||||
| Piminodine | |||||
| Racemethorphan | |||||
| Racemorphan | |||||
| Remifentanil | |||||
| Sufentanil | |||||
| SCHEDULE III | |||||
| Narcotics | Depressants | Stimulants | Others | ||
| Limited quantities of: | Mixtures of | Limited mixtures | Nalorphine | ||
| Codeine | Amobarbital | of Schedule II | All anabolic steroids | ||
| Dihydrocodeinone, | Secobarbital | amphetamines | |||
| Dihydrocodeine, | Pentobarbital | Benzphetamine | |||
| Ethylmorphine, | Derivatives of | Chlorphentermine | |||
| Opium, and | barbituric acid | Clortermine | |||
| Morphine | Chlorhexadol | Phendimetrazine | |||
| in combination | Lysergic acid | ||||
| with nonnarcotics. | Lysergic acid amide | ||||
| Methyprylon | |||||
| Sulfondiethylmethane | |||||
| Sulfonethylmethane | |||||
| Sulfonmethane | |||||
| Tiletamine | |||||
| Zolazepam | |||||
| SCHEDULE IV | |||||
| Narcotics | Depressants | Stimulants | Others | ||
| Limited quantity of difenoxin | Alprazolam | Loprasolam | Cathine | Butorphanol | |
| in combination with atropine sulfate | Barbital | Lorazepam | Diethylpropion | Fenfluramine | |
| Bromazepam | Lormetazepam | Fencamfamin | Pentazocine | ||
| Dextropropoxyphere | Camazepam | Mebutamate | Fenproporex | ||
| Chloral betaine | Medazepam | Mazindol | |||
| Chloral hydrate | Meprobamate | Mefenorex | |||
| Chlordiazepoxide | Methohexital | Pemoline | |||
| Clobazam | Methylphenobarbital | Phentermine | |||
| Clorazepate | Nimetazepam | Pipradrol | |||
| Clotiazepam | Nitrazepam | Sibutramine | |||
| Cloxazolam | Nordiazepam | SPA | |||
| Delorazepam | Oxazepam | ||||
| Diazepam | Oxazolam | ||||
| Estazolam | Paraldehyde | ||||
| Ethchlorvynol | Petrichloral | ||||
| Ethinamate | Phenobarbital | ||||
| Ethyl loflazepate | Pinazepam | ||||
| Fludiazepam | Prazepam | ||||
| Flunitrazepam | Quazepam | ||||
| Flurazepam | Temazepam | ||||
| Halazepam | Tetrazepam | ||||
| Haloxazolam | Triazolam | ||||
| Ketazolam | Zolpidem | ||||
| SCHEDULE V | |
| Narcotics | Stimulants |
| Buprenorphine | Pyrovalcrone |
| Limited quantities (less than Schedules III & IV) of: | |
| Codeine, | |
| Dihydrocodeine, | |
| Ethylmorphine, | |
| Diphenoxylate, Opium, and Difenoxin in combination with nonnarcotics | |
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This section contains 741 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) |
