The use of various animals as models for microbiological infections has been a fundamental part of infectious disease research for more than a century. Now, techniques of genetic alteration and manipulation have made possible the design of animals so as to be specifically applicable to the study of a myriad of diseases.

The intent for the use of animals as models of disease is to establish an infection that mimics that seen in the species of concern, usually humans. By duplicating the infection, the reasons for the establishment of the infection can be researched. Ultimately, the goal is to seek means by which the infection can be thwarted. Development of a vaccine to the particular infection is an example of the successful use of animals in infectious disease research.

The development of the idea that maladies could be caused by bacterial infection...