From the perspective of Africa, HIV/AIDS is one of the most significant ethical and political issues involved with science and technology. The spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa has the potential to undermine almost any other positive benefits of, for example, scientific education and research or sustainable technological development. Of particular importance is the fact that increasing numbers of children are being orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, and the traditional extended family is being strained to the breaking point. To appreciate the extent of the challenge, it is necessary to have some appreciation of the origins, spread, and impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and of the debates regarding response and treatment.

African Origins and Impact

HIV is sexually transmitted, and can be passed on through direct blood contact (for example, blood transfusion). In addition to blood, semen, and vaginal fluids...