The "big three" networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC—continued to dominate American television in the 1980s, although their dominance was increasingly challenged by cable TV providers and by a fourth network, the FOX network, created in 1985. With their market share declining, the networks tried to offer more challenging fare and to expand their broadcast hours. In general, however, network programming remained safe and noncontroversial. The exception to this rule was Roseanne (1988–1997), a situation comedy (sitcom) about a working-class family that addressed issues of class, race, and sexuality. Along with Roseanne, the most popular shows of the decade were The Cosby Show (1984–92), Dallas (1978–91), Cheers (1982–93), Miami Vice (1984–89), Dynasty (1981–89), and Knots Landing (1979–93).

Cable television became an even more important influence on TV programming in the 1980s. The availability of telecommunications satellites made it possible for more cable channels to broadcast nationwide. More and more Americans gained access...