Which theory of dying of old age does Nuland say medical professionals, such as cancer doctors, prefer?

"Because I didn't want to take away his only hope," is a common refrain of doctors and nurses in the treatment of the terminally ill. Dr. Nuland explains that after the diagnoses, recommendations for treatment are largely impacted by that one perception. Whether it is the doctor's or the patient's, the perception of hope may be responsible for the path one takes toward the end of life.