Dr. Ramirez is the name of the anesthesiologist who first let Konner help him "bagging" a patient. Bagging involved squeezing a rubber bag to pump anesthetic and oxygen by hand into a masked surgical patient. Ramirez also demonstrated to Konner "intubation" of a patient by placing a tube through a device in his trachea and then relocating the bag from mask to the tube to keep the man breathing until he set up the automatic respirator. Ramirez visited several O.R.s at a time where he spent fifteen to forty-five minutes each with anesthetized patients to supervise nurse-anesthesiologists who took over from Ramirez when the patients stabilized and the operation continued.