In addition to the symbols of prosperity, literary experts have noted symbolic and metaphorical representation in characters' actions. First, both Motes's leaving Sabbath Lily and his throwing out the new Jesus and his mother's glasses stand for his initial efforts to rid himself of his religious past. Second, killing his "twin," Layfield, represents Motes's destruction of another portion of his conscience Motes's final symbolic attempt to deny his connection to Christ occurs when he blinds himself.