Poetry is an important theme in the play, and John's poem "The River Niger" is clearly a key element of the story, as it lends the play its title. In act 1, John has only begun the poem, which he reads to himself from a scrap of paper in his pocket. Later, John reads a different, completed poem aloud to Ann and Dudley. In the beginning of act 2, John continues to work on "The River Niger," which he reads aloud to himself.