The language is contemporary American English interspersed with words and sentences in German, French, Latin, Italian, Greek, and Russian. Even readers unfamiliar with these languages may be able to follow the narrative because of the context into which these other languages are inserted. Another striking feature of the language is the appearance of hipster argot that, in the early 1950s, was probably confined to Greenwich Village but that by the mid-60s had spread widely to the so-called counterculture. Some examples are "old man" for male partner, "flipped," "campiest," and "old lady."