The tone of the novel is primarily accusatory and combative against the Japanese government. Chang clearly uses her fluid language ability to describe the atrocities of the Japanese, and to demand from the government the proper treatment of the situation. However, at times, the tone becomes instructional as Chang seeks to find reason amid the chaos of the events of Nanking. Her analysis of possible causes for the attack is highly intellectual and detailed, providing readers with an unbiased and objective reflection on the nature of the Japanese identity.