A recurring idea in the book is survival of the conquered. Many historical books describe battles, but they are written from the vantage of the conquerers. The unique part of this book is that it tells the story of the Spanish invasion of Mexico from the viewpoint of the conquered. After their defeat, the natives returned to their city, and they learned to read and write in Spanish as well as in Nahuatl, their native language. They used this knowledge to write to their new king petitioning for land and rights, citing all they had suffered and lost.