What is happening politically in these three chapters?

The unrest in North Africa has been at the center of long debates; and, despite political oppression, the younger generation speaks of independence. When the republic is finally born, the dominant political party leads the country. Modou, who has been practical, collaborated with the dominant party. However, he thinks the new leaders are depleting the country's resources and wasting the money that would have had better use in the hands of workers.