The novel is set in the counties of Puwei, Tongkou and Jintian, all in the Hunan province of China. Puwei is a poor farming district, where Lily grows up with her natal family, the Lus. Snow Flower grows up in a wealthier area in Tongkou, and later marries into a family in the very poor village of Jintian, which is not far from Tongkou. The story is set in the 1800s, a time in China when women were not allowed to live freely, but were hidden away in women's chambers, isolated from the realities of life and survival, and their sole purpose on earth to give birth to sons, do domestic chores and wait on their in-laws. Later, when the women are married, they make an occasional trip back to their natal homes during different festivals.