Another theme is homophobia. Through the narration of these three characters, the reader sees homophobia in all its ugly variations from "harmless" jokes at the expense of a homosexual individual, to homosexual stereotypes, to isolation in school, to physical violence. The character of Jack Ransom symbolizes pure hatred and violence, arguably the most devastating form of homophobia. There have been many cases in recent news of homosexual teenagers being bullied and even killed because of their sexuality, and Jack Ransom's character embodies that violence.