The book includes discussions of both hypothetical states and actual ones. There is a reason for this. Even by the time that Aristotle wrote thousands of years ago from the current day, there was already a history of politics and those who were learned had more than just the experience of their own generation's knowledge to go on. At the same time, there were those who were forward thinking and innovative and hoped for the possibility of making improvements, advances and changes in how civilization was. Part of this effort was shown through the recurring exercise of creating an ideal or model state, and a constitution for it.