What is an example of cultural conflict in the novel, Pachinko?

Language is a symbol of national pride and identity in the novel, as well as representative of cultural conflict. Many of the characters cannot speak either Korean or Japanese, and more still cannot write the other culture's language. This monolingualism is representative of both national pride, as well as affinity. For example, Noa chooses to write and read in Japanese; he cannot even read Korean comic books.