The theme of identity dominates the final section of the book, but, like all of Baldwin’s themes, can be found in all of the essays in this book if you look closely enough. (The ubiquity of Baldwin’s themes is attributable to the fact that his thought is so penetrating and complex, as well as to Baldwin’s structural and analytic cast of mind. This will be dealt with in further detail in the section on style.) The African American has had his past stolen from him by his enslavers. He has therefore been dispossessed of the usual route to group and individual identity. Baldwin has a keen sense of the gap between the impoverished vision of African American culture espoused by dominant white culture and the reality of African American culture, which is decidedly richer than white people are prepared to recognize. Still, he believes that African Americans are essentially in exile.