Chuang Tzu was a minor government official in China in the third or fourth century BCE. Rather than take a higher political office when it was offered to him, Chuang Tzu chose to record his personal philosophies in the Chuang Tzu, of which 33 chapters still remain. The teachings were an expansion of Lao Tzu's Tao, which outlined the specific ways in which man could improve his life. The work was controversial in that it went against the ideas of Mo Tzu and the infamous Confucius.