The tone of the Ethics attempts to achieve the impartiality of a geometrician. The high-tide of rationalism is embodied in the philosophy of Spinoza. Thus, writers in this genre often attempt to sound as if they are merely reading off the structure of reality from pure reason. Spinoza's geometrical method attempts to prove propositions about the nature of reality as a geometrician would propositions about geometry. Thus, the tone is often dry. However, Spinoza often has to add explanations to his proofs, summarize his material and critique other ideas. In this, more of his personality shines through. Spinoza is ardent that the nature of God and the human good must be properly understood. Further, we must reject certain core ideas from previous philosophers, particularly Aristotle and Descartes. Aristotle's doctrine of final causality must be rejected. It supposes that we know too much about God's aims and that objects are separate from God. Further, Descartes's doctrine of mind-body dualism must be rejected, as it assumes that the two most basic forms of reality are distinct. Finally, the classical doctrines of theistic belief are strongly rejected. Thus, the tone of the Ethics has a kind of duality, which ranges between impartial, dry and complex to opinionated and forceful.
Ethics