The NVA (North Vietnamese Army) consists of trained professional soldiers who attack using conventional strategies. The VC (Viet Cong) consists of citizen militias, often South Vietnamese, who use guerrilla tactics. The NVA surround Khe Sanh and prepare for an attack by digging trenches around the base. The VC build booby traps in the jungle and attack bases at night with mortars. The jungle canopies present the Americans with special problems while fighting the NVC and VC because both types of forces effectively use the cover.