Gjertrud Schnackenberg published "Darwin in 1881" in her first collection of poems, Portraits and Elegies, in 1982. This booksometimes referred to as a "chapbook" because of its short lengthis divided into three sections, and "Darwin in 1881" makes up the entire second section. All three parts relate in one way or another to history, the first consisting of a series of elegies to her father, the third tracing the history of a Massachusetts farmhouse nearly two hundred years old, and the middle depicting the life of Charles Darwin one year before his death. This latter poem is layered with two primary allusions. A subtle reference compares Darwin's life to the poet's father's life, but the more obvious allusion is to Shakespeare's character Pros-pero from The Tempest, whom Schnackenberg also compares to Darwin.