What is the theme in Complications: A Surgeon's Notes on an Imperfect Science by Atul Gawande?

How we learn is a theme that Gawande focuses on to demonstrate the journey of a surgical resident. Gawande dedicates much of the book to discussing how medicine is an imperfect science teeming with uncertainties. One way to reduce uncertainties is to reduce what is unknown through knowledge and learning. Although surgical residents have already gone through four years of medical school, their education is far from complete once they enter residency.