Speaking in the first-person, Author Erich von Däniken makes it a point to stand outside the contemporary scientific community, which he characterizes as narrow-minded and dogmatic. In his self-ascribed role as an outsider, Von Däniken is by contrast skeptical (which he defines as "open to anything"), questioning, iconoclastic, and receptive to new ideas. He freely admits that his theories and interpretations are controversial and a threat to an insular, even smug, community of scientists content to rely on long-held assumptions.