Most of the attempts by social scientists to describe Spanish-American culture are based on erroneous or out of context assumptions, such as the very real differences in Spanish-American culture in the case of dispute resolution, particularly the misinterpretation, by white Americans, of the show of force. In the same context, Spanish-American social groups, families and extended families often are much more closely knit than similar groups in white American cultures, and they sometimes act as a group to the surprise of their white American counterparts.