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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does James identify as the "fruits" of religion?
(a) Cultural benefits of saintliness.
(b) Morality.
(c) Ascetism.
(d) Charity for those in need.

2. According to James, the absence of something can lead to a sense of which of the following?
(a) Happiness.
(b) Anger.
(c) Unreality.
(d) Gratitude.

3. Which definition is most close to the definition of healthy-mindedness?
(a) The longing to see others become happy.
(b) The ability to continue loving somebody even when one is depressed.
(c) The decision to become happy when depressed.
(d) A deliberate attempt to see the goodness in the world and in one's personal life.

4. Which statement is true about James' thoughts on experiences?
(a) They are all related to empiricism.
(b) They are all related to each other.
(c) They are all related to determinism.
(d) They all revolve around theism.

5. What does James attribute to using wholes to explain parts?
(a) Rationalism.
(b) Logic.
(c) Pluralism.
(d) Empiricism.

6. According to James, 'each' and 'whole' are levels of what?
(a) Attention.
(b) Ignorance.
(c) Intelligence.
(d) Witness.

7. James claims that religion is in line with which of the following?
(a) Instinct.
(b) Individual simplicity.
(c) Moral simplicity.
(d) Rationalism.

8. Fechner is the founder of ______________.
(a) Research psychology.
(b) Biology.
(c) Modern philosophy.
(d) Scientific psychology.

9. Which phrase does James use to describe common sense?
(a) Cycle of life.
(b) Thinking pattern.
(c) Stage of development.
(d) Symptom of aging.

10. What kind of unity does James describe as being things that are like each other?
(a) Plural.
(b) Generic.
(c) Casual.
(d) Monist.

11. James believes that people will first act out of _____________.
(a) Logic.
(b) Instinct.
(c) Desire.
(d) Need.

12. What does James say allows Fechner to posit Earth systems based on human systems?
(a) Analogy.
(b) Individualism.
(c) Theism.
(d) Difference.

13. James says that the first way of looking at "To You" is in which position?
(a) Rationalist.
(b) Monist.
(c) Empiricist.
(d) Pragmatic.

14. James claims that in excess, what can become gullibility?
(a) Strength.
(b) Religion.
(c) Virtue.
(d) Charity.

15. Royce says that limits for which group are a result of only a piece of absolute will?
(a) Theists.
(b) Animals.
(c) Humans.
(d) Pragmatists.

Short Answer Questions

1. What position is described as holding that even in vast fields of sameness, there is still difference?

2. What does James attribute to using parts to explain wholes?

3. James says that what kind of people experience a sense of unreality?

4. What does James describe as the champion's abstraction?

5. What term does James define as an idea's argument with reality?

(see the answer keys)

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