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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Whittington's revisions of the new paradigm become?
(a) A research paradigm.
(b) A cultural paradigm.
(c) A statistical paradigm.
(d) A religious paradigm.

2. What example helped round out the Burgess revision?
(a) Aysehaia.
(b) Marella.
(c) Naraoia.
(d) Wiwaxia.

3. What kind of picture do scientists have of multi-cellular animal life because of the Burgess Shale?
(a) None.
(b) Distinct.
(c) Imagined.
(d) General.

4. What did Morris publish while still in graduate school?
(a) 6 monographs.
(b) 7 articles.
(c) 4 papers.
(d) 5 papers on new phyla.

5. What must evolutionary biologists specify concerning similarities and differences?
(a) Vertebrate types.
(b) Types and sub-types.
(c) Invertebrate types.
(d) Six types.

6. What is the problem with the Burgess Shale in relation to many of the similarities and distinctions?
(a) Many are unknown and this makes classification difficult.
(b) Few are unknown and there are so many different classifications.
(c) The classification system needs a complete overview.
(d) Only two are known and there are no classifications to put them in.

7. What does the 'grab bag' provided by the Burgess Shale consist of?
(a) Cartilage and fossils.
(b) Appendages and tissues.
(c) Appendages and anatomical forms.
(d) Corpuscles and carapaces.

8. When did many species of hominid exist?
(a) Five billion years ago.
(b) A million years ago.
(c) Two thousand years ago.
(d) Hundreds of thousands of years ago.

9. Why is the Burgess Shale such an amazing find?
(a) It contains hard-bodied creatures.
(b) It contains five thousand creatures.
(c) It contains no creatures.
(d) It contains soft-bodied creatures.

10. Which team member has Gould largely ignored at this point?
(a) Simon Morris.
(b) General Briggs.
(c) Simon Conway.
(d) Derek Briggs.

11. Who dissented with Whittington about Aysehaia?
(a) Mary Whittington.
(b) Gould.
(c) Des Collins.
(d) Smiths.

12. What prevented Collins from excavating at Walcott's quarry?
(a) Ecological reasons.
(b) Philosophical reasons.
(c) Marginal reasons.
(d) Geological reasons.

13. What did Gould say the next generation must do with the Burgess Shale?
(a) Work on it with new techniques and forms of paradigms.
(b) Work on it with new techniques and forms of analysis.
(c) Work on it with old techniques and forms of analysis.
(d) Fix it with revised techniques and forms of analysis.

14. How did Gould come to understand the Burgess Shale?
(a) A "Pre-Cambrian Finality."
(b) A "Mesozoic Mishap."
(c) A "Palentologic Fortune."
(d) A "Cambrian Generality."

15. What is the first subtitle for the Act 5 chapter?
(a) The Maturation of a Paradigm Program: Life after Aysheaia.
(b) The Maturation of a Research Program: Life after Opabinia.
(c) The Maturation of a Research Program: Life after Aysheaia.
(d) The Development of a Research Program: Life after Aysheaia.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the name of the small ribbon-shaped creation that is the first member known of the 'chordate' phylum?

2. What kind of category was it?

3. What complex creature did Morris decide to focus on?

4. What adjectives describe Morris?

5. Which class did Whittington's dissenter say Aysehaia should be in?

(see the answer keys)

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