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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What are Marrella and Yohoia?
(a) Evolutionary cousins.
(b) Known animals from Earth.
(c) Animals from another universe.
(d) Evolutionary dead-ends.

2. What kind of drama does Gould wish to recount that led to rejecting Walcott's interpretation?
(a) Physical.
(b) Intellectual.
(c) Emotional.
(d) Spiritual.

3. What compose eras?
(a) Epochs and Ages.
(b) Periods.
(c) Times and Seasons.
(d) Advents and Periods.

4. How does Leif Størmer spread the Burgess arthropods among the groups in the arthropod phylum?
(a) Narrowly.
(b) Widely.
(c) Minutely.
(d) Hardly.

5. In what fashion was the Burgess Shale actually discovered?
(a) A sympathetic fashion.
(b) A respectable fashion.
(c) A more mundane fashion.
(d) A reasonable fashion.

6. What type of evidence concerning Opabinia is considered to be decisive?
(a) Its distinctiveness.
(b) Its guts.
(c) Its structure.
(d) Its classification.

7. How was Walcott's taxonomy significantly updated?
(a) Including new genera and phyla.
(b) Including new manera and genera.
(c) Including new marrella and phyla.
(d) Including new phyla and manera.

8. Who newly interpreted the Burgess animals in 1971?
(a) Professor Harry Whittington of Cambridge and his colleagues.
(b) Professor Matt Stephens and his wife.
(c) Dr. Whittington of Yale and her husband.
(d) Dr. John Whit and his colleagues.

9. What is so strange about Opabinia that paleontologists found it unbelievable?
(a) The diagnosis.
(b) The function.
(c) The structure.
(d) The proboscis.

10. What did Whittington do after assigning his students to work on some of the other genera?
(a) Begins his monograph on Opabinia.
(b) Begins work on Yohoia.
(c) Ends work on Yohoia.
(d) Finishes his monograph on Wiwaxia.

11. What part did Whittington dissect of Opabinia?
(a) The legs.
(b) The head.
(c) The carapace.
(d) The arms.

12. How many levels are there in the taxonomy of life?
(a) Hundreds.
(b) Few.
(c) Several.
(d) None.

13. Which progressive conception collapses because scientists do not fully understand the mechanisms of change?
(a) Evolution.
(b) Theopathsis.
(c) Progressive Development.
(d) Historical Limitation.

14. Which genus was Whittington focused on classifying in Chapter Three?
(a) Minillera.
(b) Hartoll.
(c) Splendens.
(d) Marrella.

15. What did Walcott think Opabinia was just another one of?
(a) Anemone.
(b) Mollusk.
(c) Crustacean.
(d) Plant.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Yohoia specialized for?

2. What did Whittington use to dissect the carapace of Opabinia?

3. What did the new methods Whittington and his team adopted help them do?

4. What does the Precambrian Era contain?

5. What did Marella have that no trilobite shared?

(see the answer keys)

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