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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is the best choice for Commander-in-Chief given his experience of command yet is young enough to take the field?

2. The summer illness that plagues those fighting the Americans in the latter half of the 1770s strikes which troops?

3. Initially, General Washington and his remaining troops flee Long Island to what location?

4. The British military is very organized and feels training makes a significant contribution to what?

5. The author's mentioning of Congress' taking steps toward a system of separate legislative and executive powers foreshadows what?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the Hessian army become involved in the American Revolution?

2. How does misinformation cost George Washington the Battle of Long Island in August of 1776?

3. What do the Van Horne, Stockton, and other prominent New Jersey families, have in common during the Revolution?

4. Although the British eventually gain the upper hand at the Battle of Bunker Hill, what is it that so affects General William Howe?

5. What does the author note regarding the roles order and discipline have in the victories and the defeats?

6. What causes the British to feel slightly vulnerable to attack?

7. Describe the relatively new concept of a light infantry which is brought to New York by the British.

8. How does the British military approach training?

9. Why is it in this chapter, "The Crisis," that the author mentions that some people refer to George Washington as a dictator?

10. How might the officers of the Hessian army be described?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How crucial are discipline and order to the defeats and victories of each army? How do these issues come up throughout the duration of the conflict? How difficult are these lessons for the Americans to learn as they progress? How do the Americans eventually come to see the benefits?

Essay Topic 2

After the Americans' victory at Trenton, what concerns George Washington? What type of an enemy has the American force awoken? Why does Washington view himself as being in a delicate spot? What are the chances of his ruining the American cause? What are Washington's concerns regarding the weather and state of his forces? What is Washington's view of his troops having to fight again on a frozen battlefield?

Essay Topic 3

The Americans arrive in Trenton around 7:30 a.m. Why do they still have a surprise attack? The Hessians are diligent, so what have they done to make them prone to a surprise attack? What makes the American army of volunteers with less training and discipline successful against a professional military with more of these attributes? How successful are the Americans in the execution of their attack, and what do they achieve?

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