One of the primary themes in the novel is the concept of the communal action, both in terms of peace and in terms of communal violence. Explain the concept of communal action. In the beginning, what is Mano Majra, in terms of its sense of community? How is that changed? What is the sense of community by the end of the novel? Since no violence occurred inside the village as a result of the Hindu/Muslim conflict, what drove a wedge between the two sects? In the end, does anyone benefit from the communal violence? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Analyze the character of Hukum Chand, based on his actions and comments throughout the entire novel. How does Chand appear at the beginning of the novel as he speaks with the Subinspector about the Muslim issue and the current violence in the country? How does his treatment of the young woman prostitute affect his overall moral appearance? How about his release of Jugga and Iqbal in an effort to stop the oncoming violence? Does his clear fear of consequences lend to a belief that Chand is a good man, or that he is a guilty man? Why?

Essay Topic 3

Iqbal Singh makes several derogatory statements throughout the novel, in terms of the Indian people and their views and values. Choose two topics below and discuss Iqbal's view of that topic, in reference to the people of India:

1. Religion

2. Sexuality

3. Art and Music

4. Slavery / Freedom

(see the answer keys)

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