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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did Marx decide to leave Germany?

2. Where did Michelet begin his work on the French Revolution?

3. What did Fourier and Owen believe about the relationship between groups and society?

4. How old was Babeuf during the Revolution?

5. What was Marx's passion while he was studying law?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was Saint-Simon representative of the new breed of intellectual in the 19th-century?

2. What does Edmund Wilson describe as the result of the French Revolution?

3. In what way did Taine distinguish between history and science?

4. What was Michelet's approach to narrating history?

5. Explain Michelet's portrayal of society.

6. What did Jules Michelet discover in the work of Giavanni Vico?

7. What work did Michelet do after he had read Vico, and how did Vico's influence come through in that work?

8. What happened to Michelet as a result of his writing?

9. What intellectual tradition had Michelet inherited from the Middle Ages?

10. Describe Marx's time as the editor of a Cologne newspaper.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Which of the thinkers which Edmund Wilson describes had the greatest effect on bringing about the Russian Revolution? What metrics would you use to justify such a claim for a particular thinker?

Essay Topic 2

Engels, for one, had a conversion experience that brought him to communism. How did thinkers find communism as a solution to society's problems or questions? Were they converted? What had they believed before? For what questions or problems was communism the answer?

Essay Topic 3

What internal conflicts did communism have to suppress in order to take its place as the dominant ideology following the Russian Revolution? What splinter groups or secondary ideologies were competing with Lenin's vision?

(see the answer keys)

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