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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How do Marx and Engels describe the proletariat?
(a) As the anti-thesis.
(b) As the next usurpers.
(c) As the emergent institution.
(d) As an eternal principle of society.

2. In what mental/emotional state did Lenin find the Russian intellectuals at the turn of the century?
(a) Apathetic.
(b) Enraged.
(c) Unready.
(d) Confused.

3. What had Russia still not experienced by the end of the 19th century?
(a) Feudalism.
(b) Industrialization.
(c) Modern warfare.
(d) Labor exploitation.

4. Where did Trotsky place his first political sympathies?
(a) With the Communists.
(b) With the Tsar.
(c) With the Populists.
(d) With the intellectuals.

5. What was Trotsky's role in the early years of the Russian Revolution?
(a) He helped implement the regime's policies.
(b) He was a vocal critic of the Revolution.
(c) He plotted with the Tsar's loyalists against the regime.
(d) He spurred the revolutionaries to excesses.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who converted Engels in Cologne?

2. What did "The Condition of the Working Class in England" do for Marx?

3. What organization did Lassalle establish?

4. Describe Trotsky's early relationship with Lenin.

5. How does Edmund Wilson characterize Bakunin's career?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is dialectical materialism?

2. How did Marx and Engels describe the stages of economic development?

3. Describe Marx's relationship with Proudhon.

4. How was Engels brought to socialism?

5. What reforms did the 1905 Soviet institute?

6. How does dialectical materialism correlate to economic phenomena?

7. What are the ten points addressed in the Communist Manifesto?

8. How did Marx ultimately find Engels?

9. What was Marx' engagement with the Workers' Associations by the time Das Kapital was finished?

10. What critique did Engels make of classical economics?

(see the answer keys)

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