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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Michelet study in history?
(a) The range of religious expression.
(b) Technology's influence on the means of production.
(c) The personalities that played a role in it.
(d) The theories that unified all history into one narrative.

2. What was Michelet trying to develop when he discovered the Renaissance philosopher?
(a) A new basis for poetry.
(b) A theory of evolution.
(c) A new science of history.
(d) A theory of gravity.

3. What did La Scienza Nuova examine?
(a) The factors that allowed republican nations to turn into empires.
(b) The inevitable lifecycle of imperial cultures.
(c) The factors that determined which species would survive.
(d) The factors that led to the development of societies.

4. Why was Michelet suspended from his teaching post?
(a) Radicalism.
(b) Obscenity.
(c) Impropriety.
(d) Treason.

5. What was the French Enlightenment doctrine that inspired both Fourier and Owen?
(a) The belief that man will always be at war with himself.
(b) That idea that man internalizes the tension between civilization and anarchy.
(c) The notion that man is fundamentally good, but is corrupted by institutions.
(d) The concept man is corrupt and evil except for the church and government.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Michelet write as a result of his reading in the Renaissance?

2. What position did Marx take in 1842?

3. According to the author, what happened to the bourgeoisie after the French Revolution?

4. What does Edmund Wilson say about the French artists' and intellectuals' engagement with politics after Louis Bonaparte became Emperor in 1851?

5. Why did Saint-Simon not participate in the French Revolution?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Michelet's politics.

2. Explain Michelet's portrayal of society.

3. What intellectual tradition had Michelet inherited from the Middle Ages?

4. What was Vico's effect on Michelet?

5. Describe Taine's career after the Commune was founded in 1871.

6. Why did Marx leave Germany?

7. What was Michelet's later career like?

8. What was Renan's view of society?

9. Describe Babeuf's early career.

10. In what way did Taine distinguish between history and science?

(see the answer keys)

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