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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Edmund Wilson say Taine tried to represent in his history?
(a) The underlying spiritual development in French culture.
(b) The reality of the France in which he lived.
(c) The pattern on the loom of French nationalist literature.
(d) The underlying economic laws that regulated French life.

2. According to Edmund Wilson, Babeuf saw the center of power during the French Revolution as being ______________.
(a) In the hands of people who appointed the leaders.
(b) In the hands of the people who were unhappy.
(c) In the hands of people who counted the votes.
(d) In the hands of the people with armies.

3. When was Michelet suspended from his teaching post?
(a) 1855.
(b) 1860.
(c) 1850.
(d) 1848.

4. What was the subject of Renan's The Future of Science?
(a) Conflict in scientific communities.
(b) Morality and faith in society.
(c) Philosophy in economics.
(d) Technology and science in religion.

5. What did La Scienza Nuova examine?
(a) The factors that allowed republican nations to turn into empires.
(b) The inevitable lifecycle of imperial cultures.
(c) The factors that led to the development of societies.
(d) The factors that determined which species would survive.

6. What language did Michelet NOT read?
(a) Greek.
(b) German.
(c) Latin.
(d) Spanish.

7. Saint-Simon thought society should be based on ____________.
(a) Merit.
(b) Morality.
(c) Power.
(d) Compassion.

8. What was Michelet trying to develop when he discovered the Renaissance philosopher?
(a) A theory of gravity.
(b) A theory of evolution.
(c) A new basis for poetry.
(d) A new science of history.

9. What did Michelet study in history?
(a) The personalities that played a role in it.
(b) The range of religious expression.
(c) Technology's influence on the means of production.
(d) The theories that unified all history into one narrative.

10. How were Fourier and Owen representative of early nineteenth century thinkers?
(a) They supported totalitarian leaders.
(b) They espoused liberal political views.
(c) They wanted a return to law and order.
(d) They did not subscribe to liberal politics.

11. How does Michelet define the relations between the classes?
(a) Based on fear of the class below.
(b) Based on the ability to seize power.
(c) Based on envy of the class above.
(d) Based on greed.

12. What did Taine study after 1871, when the Commune was established?
(a) Mysticism and spirituality.
(b) Philosophy and language.
(c) Politics and economics.
(d) Science and religion.

13. On what point did Marx agree with Engels when he first read his work?
(a) Economics was crippled by being divorced from morality and religion.
(b) German philosophy didn't provide social principles.
(c) History would culminate in a workers' state.
(d) One spirit undergirded all of history's development.

14. How does Edmund Wilson describe Taine's approach to history?
(a) Biographical.
(b) Scientific.
(c) Journalistic.
(d) Spiritual.

15. What did Michelet say about the French Revolution?
(a) The French Revolution was inseparable from developments in economic theory.
(b) The masses would one day seize the means of production.
(c) The French Revolution was really a story about the development of military technology.
(d) The people were more important than the leaders.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Edmund Wilson say about the French artists' and intellectuals' engagement with politics after Louis Bonaparte became Emperor in 1851?

2. What was the French Enlightenment doctrine that inspired both Fourier and Owen?

3. Where did Michelet begin his work on the French Revolution?

4. Why was Marx placed under police surveillance at the university?

5. Why was Michelet suspended from his teaching post?

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