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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did President Eisenhower relieve Bob Lovett from the Defense Department, according to Isaacson?

2. What event at the end of 1967 does Isaacson suggest influenced the Johnson Administration that America had to withdraw from Vietnam?

3. What office did President-Elect Kennedy offer to the first of the "Six Wise Men" whose counsel he sought?

4. What was a personal factor that made the "Six Wise Men" unpopular to the general public, according to Isaacson?

5. What does Isaacson claim to be the the Soviet's view of keeping security?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who did President Kennedy choose to act as his chief negotiator at the International Control Commission talks on Laos, according to Isaacson?

2. What does Isaacson claim made President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, attractive to the eastern foreign policy Establishment?

3. What was Dean Acheson's view regarding America's involvement in Vietnam, according to Isaacson?

4. What scandal does Isaacson report to have come to the Truman Administration's state department in January 1950?

5. Who does Isaacson claim that Dean Acheson supported for the 1960 Democrat Presidential nomination over John F. Kennedy?

6. Why did the Truman Administration consider making an atomic arms control "covenant" with the Soviet Union, according to Isaacson?

7. What does Isaacson report to be the entry into the logbook of the Enola Gay to record the dropping of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima?

8. What organization did John McCloy help to form that became the precursor to the European Common Market, according to Isaacson?

9. What does Isaacson report to be the concern of Robert Lovett regarding the operations of the CIA under President Eisenhower?

10. What affect did the Soviet aggression in Czechoslovakia have on Truman's effort to win Congressional approval of the Marshall Plan, according to Isaacson?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Connections with the Soviet Union became a connecting point between each of the "Wise Men" and other world leaders. Detail how the "Wise Men" established connections with the Soviet Union, what leaders affected their connections with it, and events that shaped their future perspectives of the Soviet Union.

Essay Topic 2

Harry Truman committed American soldiers to fight the war in Korea without a Congressional declaration. What are the constitutional requirements for committing American soldiers to war? How did the Truman Administration justify the action to Congress? Who benefited from this decision? What have been the long-term effects of using American soldiers to fight undeclared wars beyond the oversight of Congress? Who carries the responsibility for these effects, the presidency or Congress?

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast Robert Lovett and Averell Harriman as they used their personal business connections throughout the world to gain access to positions that allowed them to direct government policy. Use details and quotes as they were reported by Isaacson.

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