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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who does Isaacson claim blocked MacArthur's plans for slowing the flow of Chinese soldiers into the Korean War?
(a) Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Lovett.
(b) White House Liaison with the Korean command George Kennan.
(c) President Harry Truman.
(d) Under Secretary of State Dean Acheson.

2. What event at the end of 1967 does Isaacson suggest influenced the Johnson Administration that America had to withdraw from Vietnam?
(a) The Tet Offensive.
(b) Race riots protesting the disproportionate number of Black soldiers stationed in Vietnam compared to their percentage of the population.
(c) Public opinion polls showing Johnson could not be re-elected if Vietnam was not settled.
(d) Antiwar protests threatening college campuses.

3. What does Isaacson report that Clark Clifford wrote in a campaign memo to use the Soviet Crisis to help President Truman's re-election campaign for 1948?
(a) "This gives us the opportunity to make voters fear a change at this time."
(b) "Great wars define great leaders."
(c) "Never waste a good crisis."
(d) "In times of crisis, the American citizen tends to back up his President."

4. What State Department official does Isaacson report to have been determined to bring the United States into a "Western Union" military alliance?
(a) Theodore Achilles.
(b) John Hickerson.
(c) Donald Maclean.
(d) Robert Lovett.

5. What does Isaacson define as the main political challenge to the Truman Administration encouraging Congress to support financial aid to Greece and Turkey?
(a) Americans had become weary of international interventions in the aftermath of WWII.
(b) Congress was more interested in focusing on domestic issues than it was with foreign interventions.
(c) The elections of 1946 brought popular support to balancing budgets and ending foreign spending.
(d) Harry Truman had become politically unpopular since the Democrats lost their congressional majority during the 1946 mid-term elections.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did the Soviet Union begin its "clampdown" on Czechoslovakia, according to Isaacson?

2. Who does Isaacson report that President Johnson wanted to serve as Ambassador to Vietnam in 1964?

3. What does Isaacson suggest to be one of the largest factors in America's rise to prominence after WWII?

4. What scientist suggested the United States should respond to the Soviet Union's possession of the A-bomb by producing more powerful bombs?

5. What does Isaacson report to be the entry in the Enola Gay log book by co-pilot Robert Lewis after the explosion of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima?

Short Essay Questions

1. What scandal does Isaacson report to have come to the Truman Administration's state department in January 1950?

2. What Southeast Asian country did President Eisenhower tell President-Elect Kennedy was the "key" to keeping communism from overtaking all of Southeast Asia according to Isaacson?

3. Why did the Truman Administration consider making an atomic arms control "covenant" with the Soviet Union, according to Isaacson?

4. What does Isaacson report to be the entry into the logbook of the Enola Gay to record the dropping of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima?

5. How does Isaacson explain the changes in the military policy of the Truman Administration once it became clear the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons?

6. What does Isaacson claim made President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, attractive to the eastern foreign policy Establishment?

7. What affect did the Soviet aggression in Czechoslovakia have on Truman's effort to win Congressional approval of the Marshall Plan, according to Isaacson?

8. How many coups were conducted in Vietnam in less than a year between 1963 and 1964, according to Isaacson?

9. What does Isaacson claim Winston Churchill offered as a suggestion for a solution to Soviet expansionism in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Missouri?

10. What does Isaacson claim to be Stalin's reaction to the Marshall Plan?

(see the answer keys)

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