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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Isaacson report that Clark Clifford wrote in a campaign memo to use the Soviet Crisis to help President Truman's re-election campaign for 1948?
(a) "In times of crisis, the American citizen tends to back up his President."
(b) "Great wars define great leaders."
(c) "This gives us the opportunity to make voters fear a change at this time."
(d) "Never waste a good crisis."

2. What was the document that Isaacson claims to be the blueprint for national security policy through the 1960's?
(a) The Acheson memo.
(b) The Pumpkin Papers.
(c) The "Long Telegram."
(d) NSC-68.

3. What does Isaacson claim to have been the primary purpose of the telegram to President Truman with the warning of Soviet aggression?
(a) To assist military chiefs in Congressional testimony.
(b) To become the basis for a propaganda campaign that helped to condense power within the foreign policy elite.
(c) To support a greater role for military actions against communist aggression.
(d) To give support for more military spending in the battle to confront communism.

4. What does Isaacson record that Mao claimed to be the source of Chinese soldiers in North Korean combat units?
(a) Mao claimed they were Chinese volunteers who were protecting Chinese hydroelectric plants along the Yalu River.
(b) Mao claimed that China was not involved, that there were no Chinese soldiers in Korea.
(c) Mao claimed that they were Russians equipped by China.
(d) Mao claimed that they were communist sympathizers from throughout Asia seeking to ignite the international revolution.

5. Who was asked to approach President-Elect Kennedy's choice for Secretary of State to offer him the position, according to Isaacson?
(a) Dean Acheson.
(b) David Bruce.
(c) Robert Lovett.
(d) Bobby Kennedy.

Short Answer Questions

1. What scientist suggested the United States should respond to the Soviet Union's possession of the A-bomb by producing more powerful bombs?

2. Who does Isaacson claim John F. Kennedy called for advice on responding to a congratulatory telegram from Nikita Khrushchev the day after Kennedy was announced the winner of the 1960 election?

3. Why did President Eisenhower relieve Bob Lovett from the Defense Department, according to Isaacson?

4. Who does Isaacson claim Dean Acheson supported for the 1960 Democrat Presidential Nomination?

5. Which of the "Six Wise Men" was chosen by President Johnson to assume authority over all diplomatic efforts to end the war in Vietnam according to Isaacson?

Short Essay Questions

1. What organization did John McCloy help to form that became the precursor to the European Common Market, according to Isaacson?

2. How does Isaacson explain the changes in the military policy of the Truman Administration once it became clear the Soviet Union had nuclear weapons?

3. Why did Truman's most trusted foreign advisers, including Robert Lovett, George Kennan, Chip Bohlen, and Dean Acheson, oppose the formation of a Jewish State in Palestine, according to Isaacson?

4. What does Isaacson claim to be Stalin's reaction to the Marshall Plan?

5. To what event did President Truman compare the Soviet clampdown on Czechoslavakia in 1948, according to Isaacson?

6. How does Isaacson report England was affected by the end of WWII?

7. What does Isaacson claim Winston Churchill offered as a suggestion for a solution to Soviet expansionism in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Missouri?

8. What did Isaacson identify as George Kennan's recommended next phase for dealing with communist expansionism after he felt that his plan for containment was working?

9. What does Isaacson report to be the concern of Robert Lovett regarding the operations of the CIA under President Eisenhower?

10. What does Isaacson claim made President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, attractive to the eastern foreign policy Establishment?

(see the answer keys)

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