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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does the author say dancing is an effective way to keep one's animal close?

2. On the guided power restoration journey that involves descending down a tunnel, the author cautions against encountering:

3. Often, a patient already has the following with a returned power animal:

4. Most cultures believe that a shaman can have how many guardian animals at a time?

5. When the shaman has a question, the guardian spirit animal may answer it by:

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Harner recommend for novice shamans trying to communicate with guardian spirit animals?

2. How do power animals first show themselves to a shaman?

3. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

4. Why does a power animal need to be danced regularly?

5. What is the bone game?

6. Describe what Harner writes about the mythical past link between humans and animals.

7. Describe what Harner refers to as the "Calling The Beasts" ritual.

8. When was the book Natural Magick written, and what is it about?

9. Where do "big dreams" come from, and what purpose do they serve?

10. What does Harner say about shamanism and synchronicity?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe similarities middle-class Americans who try shamanism report regarding the portal to Lowerworld and their firsthand experiences in non-ordinary reality. Why does the author emphasize these similarities? What do they convey regarding the nature of shamanism?

Essay Topic 2

Compare and contrast shamanistic techniques for healing with traditional Western medicine practices. In our current society, is there room for both modalities to complement each other? Explain why or why not.

Essay Topic 3

Describe the journey the author takes with Akachu, the Jivaro shaman, detailed in Chapter 1. Can you tell which parts of the journey are literal and which are figurative? What clues reveal the literary portions? The figurative parts?

(see the answer keys)

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