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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Harner presents one shaman's drawings of the tunnel to Lowerworld. What does it look like?
(a) A cavern with steps leading straight down.
(b) Brightly lit opening with benevolent animals protecting the entrance.
(c) Concentric circles with crystals and humans falling through a hole.
(d) A winding chute that's wide at the top and bottom but narrow in the middle.

2. Why does Harner state that it doesn't matter whether the animal that has appeared is fierce or gentle?
(a) The animal is merely a projection of the participant's imagination.
(b) Guardians are bound by oath to never harm humans.
(c) As sources of power, guardians do not harm the possessor.
(d) The animal's qualities reflect the inner needs of the shaman.

3. Among some Plains Indians tribes, it is believed that those who don't have a guardian animal spirit lack what?
(a) Strength and physical agility.
(b) Power and life success.
(c) Integrity and character.
(d) Courage and compassion.

4. In the Jivaro tradition, the identity of a power animal is what?
(a) Strictly hidden from others.
(b) Shared with the patient's spouse and children.
(c) Revealed freely to everyone.
(d) Told to the patient's parents and siblings.

5. While in the Lowerworld with a power animal, what does a shamanic exercise participant accomplish by shaking a rattle quickly?
(a) A quicker return up the tunnel.
(b) Fending off ominous creatures.
(c) A deep trance state.
(d) Hypnotizing the power animal.

Short Answer Questions

1. A shaman's quartz crystals typically are hidden from what?

2. Harner notes that in modern technology, quartz crystals are used in what?

3. Does a guardian spirit have the freedom to leave or stay at will?

4. Why does the author say dancing is an effective way to keep one's animal close?

5. Many traditions speak of the mythical past when animals could:

Short Essay Questions

1. In the power restoration exercise presented to the reader in Chapter 5, what typically happens when the participant goes through the tunnel and reaches the Lowerworld?

2. Give a brief summary of the exercise the author presents to the reader on how to dance one's animal guardian spirit.

3. Describe what Harner refers to as the "Calling The Beasts" ritual.

4. What does Harner say about shamanism and synchronicity?

5. Describe what Harner writes about the mythical past link between humans and animals.

6. How does a shaman obtain a power song needed to retrieve a power animal?

7. Explain what the author is saying when he speaks of Coyote and Raven as groups or species.

8. What is the bone game?

9. How can a shaman tell whether or not an individual has a guardian spirit?

10. How do the Jivaro know if a person has or doesn't have a guardian animal spirit?

(see the answer keys)

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