View a FREE sample

This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 3, Shamanism and States of Consciousness.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the cultures Harner studies, shamans are primarily:
(a) Women.
(b) Grandmothers.
(c) Men.
(d) Children.

2. Harner asks aspiring shamans to refrain from:
(a) Exercising strenuously.
(b) Drinking alcohol.
(c) Using anything electronic.
(d) Eating sweets.

3. If SSC stands for shamanic state of consciousness, what does OSC stand for?
(a) Ordinary shamanic consciousness.
(b) Orthogonal state of consciousness.
(c) Other-worldly shamanic consciousness.
(d) Ordinary state of consciousness.

4. How is a shamanic state of consciousness, or SSC, achieved?
(a) By entering a trance state and using methods of cosmic geography and nonordinary reality.
(b) By drinking nettle tea and fasting for five days.
(c) By chanting songs passed down by tribal peoples and drinking fermented coffee.
(d) By calling upon spirit guides to pull the shaman's spirit out of the body and hurl it to the heavens.

5. How do shamans use their guardian spirits?
(a) In passing.
(b) Actively.
(c) In supplication.
(d) Through trickery.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happens in the state a shaman reaches, known as a type of ecstasy?

2. What must the shaman feed his spirit helpers?

3. Which of the following does NOT help a shaman enter a shamanic state of consciousness?

4. What is the role of amnesia in a shaman's rituals?

5. Harner asserts that shamanism has advanced in areas without technological innovations because:

(see the answer key)

This section contains 311 words (approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample