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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 3, Shamanism and States of Consciousness.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Harner point out about the Lakota Sioux and the Coast Salish tribes?
(a) Shun the practice of shamanism and instead pass down stories from one generation to the next.
(b) They achieve altered states of consciousness without using hallucinogenic substances.
(c) Are the best natural healers in the world.
(d) Were the first tribes known to practice shamanism.

2. The author emphasizes that not all tribes use what in their shamanic practices?
(a) Chants.
(b) Drugs.
(c) Rituals.
(d) Shamans.

3. It is typical for one or more spirits to help guide the shaman through what?
(a) A series of questions only the shaman hears.
(b) The ninth dimension.
(c) A hidden or non-ordinary reality.
(d) A time-honored ritual.

4. If SSC stands for shamanic state of consciousness, what does OSC stand for?
(a) Orthogonal state of consciousness.
(b) Ordinary state of consciousness.
(c) Other-worldly shamanic consciousness.
(d) Ordinary shamanic consciousness.

5. How do the Conibo access the Lowerworld?
(a) Through secret holes dug by their ancestors.
(b) Using a giant catahua tree root system.
(c) By chanting and dancing all night in front of a fire.
(d) Riding on the backs of patagonian capybaras.

Short Answer Questions

1. When the shaman is in an altered state, how does healing take place?

2. What is a shaman able to do to restore health in a person with the assistance of appropriate spirit helpers?

3. In the cultures Harner studies, shamans are primarily:

4. How old is shamanism estimated to be?

5. Harner explains that some shamanic students report using caves as:

(see the answer key)

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