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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Eirik name the land he discovered "Greenland"?

2. What do the settlers end up trading to the natives?

3. What reception does Karlsefni receive in Norway?

4. Where does Eirik propose to go when he leaves Iceland?

5. What does Thorvald die of?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the woman that Gudrid sees and the discourse between them.

2. How does Leif become aware of Freydis' behavior on Vinland and what does he do about it?

3. Describe the events surrounding Thorstein's death.

4. Describe the interactions the settlers have with the natives.

5. What strategy do Leif and his men employ to explore the area around them on this new shore?

6. Why is Bjarni away when his father emigrates to Greenland?

7. What happens to Thorstein and his crew when they set sail for Vinland? Where do they end up spending the winter?

8. What happens between the natives and Thorvald and his crew? Describe the encounter.

9. Explain the entire affair of Eirik and the bench-boards.

10. How long does Thorvald spend in Vinland, and what are his primary activities while he is there? Give details.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Gudrid's father, Thorbjorn Vifilsson, is the son of a slave and is a respected well admired man, but is offended with another son of a slave proposes marriage to his daughter. Research and write an essay about the practice of slavery in Viking culture.

Part 1. How was the concept of slavery for the Vikings fundamentally different than the concept for slavery was for the United States? Which other cultures shared this practice?

Part 2. Where did the Vikings get their slaves?

Part 3. What were the likely and possible futures for a slave once taken by the Vikings?

Part 4. What were the social stigmas attached to slavery or having previously been a slave?

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay about the Hebrides and the role of the Vikings in their history.

Part 1. Where are the Hebrides? What is their geology like? Give an introduction to the Hebrides.

Part 2. Why might have the Hebrides been so aptly suited to Viking settlements? Explain the safety and accessibility of the Hebrides.

Part 3. When did Vikings first arrive on the Hebrides? How long did they stay? Give examples and cite particulars.

Part 4. What evidence remains, archeological and otherwise, of the Viking occupation of the Hebrides?

Essay Topic 3

What are the Oseberg and Gokstad Ships? Why are they special?

Part 1. When and where were the Oseberg and Gokstad discovered?

Part 2. Why were they part of a burial? What else do we know about those burials?

Part 3. Describe the Oseberg and Gokstad ships. How do they differ from each other? What were their uses?

(see the answer keys)

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