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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where did Einstein accept a position?
(a) The American Academy of Science.
(b) The Italian Academy of Science.
(c) The Prussian Academy of Science.
(d) The German Academy of Science.

2. According to Popper, what happens if positivism is true?
(a) We cannot say what time is.
(b) We cannot say what space is.
(c) We lose all negativity.
(d) We cannot believe in time.

3. What is intuitive to think about the "ground state" or stationary state of an object?
(a) This object would have two energies.
(b) This object would have multiple energies.
(c) This object would have zero energy.
(d) This object would thrive in a black hole.

4. What does Hawking believe any good scientific theory should be rooted in?
(a) The work of mathematician Karl Popper.
(b) The scientific work of Isaac Newton.
(c) The philosophy of George Markus.
(d) The philosophy of science advanced by Karl Popper.

5. Who believed they could interpret General Relativity so time had an infinite past and an infinite future?
(a) Lucas and Marx.
(b) Shalob and Khalatnikov.
(c) Hawking and Penrose.
(d) Lifshitz and Khalatnikov.

Short Answer Questions

1. Because of the curvature of space-time, how do paths appear to bend?

2. Where did Einstein move in 1914?

3. What equation shows mass and energy are equivalent?

4. What does TOE stand for?

5. What have serious effects on a quantum theory of gravity?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does the E = mc2 equation show?

2. What is vacuum energy?

3. How did the general relativity theory break down?

4. What is Hawking's view about mathematical models?

5. What does Hawking believe the possibility of intelligent beings' existence depends on?

6. What is considered to be expanding in our universe, and why does Hawking think this is beneficial?

7. What is a p = 1 brane and a p = 2 brane?

8. What did Einstein do in 1905 that launched him to the top of the scientific community?

9. Briefly describe Einstein's involvement in the events of WWII.

10. Why does the theory of general relativity break down when discussing the Big Bang?

(see the answer keys)

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