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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do string theories most notably lack?
(a) Proofs.
(b) Numbers.
(c) Infinities.
(d) Dimensions.

2. What may imaginary time surfaces actually be?
(a) Open planes.
(b) Curved surfaces.
(c) Closed lines.
(d) Closed surfaces.

3. What did Hubble find about collections of stars?
(a) Black holes can be found within large collections of stars.
(b) Super novas are common in collections of stars.
(c) Collections of stars always have two megastars.
(d) They are sometimes red-shifted and blue-shifted.

4. What does time have?
(a) A presence.
(b) A mark.
(c) A being.
(d) A shape.

5. Who did Einstein encourage to begin nuclear research?
(a) President Truman.
(b) President Johnson.
(c) President Roosevelt.
(d) President Grant.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do we need to describe what happens on the edge of the universe?

2. What can Einstein's General Relativity be combined with?

3. What human conceptions did Einstein's papers change?

4. How did physicists respond to Hawking and Penrose's work?

5. What does Hawking resist believing in?

Short Essay Questions

1. What kind of history might the universe have, according to quantum mechanics?

2. Why can't we coherently ask why the universe is the way it is?

3. What did Einstein do in 1905 that launched him to the top of the scientific community?

4. What new sort of symmetry was discovered in the 1970s?

5. What is hard to reconcile with Dirac's discoveries in quantum mechanics?

6. Briefly describe Einstein's involvement in the events of WWII.

7. What changed about the way we view zero point fluctuations in the 1940s?

8. How did the general relativity theory break down?

9. What is Hawking's view about mathematical models?

10. Describe the contradiction of relativity to Newton's law of gravity.

(see the answer keys)

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